Current Chain Abstraction Systems and How Heima Solves Their Limitations

This section explains the limitations of current systems and how Heima solves them

Chain abstraction has become a key primitive for reducing UX friction in blockchain interactions and within multichain ecosystems. However, most existing implementations provide only surface-level unification and lack the extensibility, universality, performance, and determinism required for building generalized coordination systems across heterogeneous chains.

Many approaches focus narrowly on specific application layers, such as wallet-level account abstraction, atomic cross-chain swaps, or isolated relayer networks, without offering a fully composable, modular, and developer-friendly coordination layer.

Below, we analyze the technical shortcomings of current models and introduce Heima’s protocol-native and intent-driven abstraction stack designed for developers building programmable, cross-chain dApps and infrastructures.

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Existing Systems: Fragmented and Rigid

1. Wallet-Centric Design (e.g., EIP-4337): Most abstractions are built around smart contract wallets, introducing significant operational overhead:

   • High gas usage due to layer-on-layer verification (paymasters, entry points, validation)

   • Limited composability with Externally Owned Accounts (EOAs) and legacy DeFi infrastructure

   • Poor upgradeability and heavy reliance on off-chain bundlers

2. Atomic Bridging Protocols: Systems that enforce atomic cross-chain swaps (e.g., Hashed Systems that enforce atomic cross-chain swaps (e.g., HashedTimelock Contracts or token bridges) suffer from:

   • Coupled execution paths that fail if any leg breaks

   • No support for asynchronous execution or partial fulfillment

   • Tight constraints on fallback logic and path optimization

3. On-Chain Only Execution: Bridging or coordination logic is often entirely on-chain, making it:

   • Hard to customize

   • Expensive to compute across multiple chains

   • Incapable of integrating off-chain data feeds, triggers, or compute environments

4. Monolithic Abstraction Stacks: Existing systems often lack separation of concerns between identity, execution, and coordination. This leads to:

   • Rigid architectures

   • Difficult testing and debugging

   • Low developer extensibility

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Heima’s Technical Architecture: Modular, Programmable, and Chain-Agnostic

Heima is the chain abstraction protocol built to simplify and unify interactions across multiple blockchains. It ensures performance, auditability, and automation through native scheduling and governance modules, and it introduces a modular coordination framework based on the omni-account and intent-based execution.

Heima’s omni-executor is designed to:

• Handle intents of arbitrary complexity (e.g., trade, stake, batch actions, timed logic)

• Interface with both on-chain and omni services

This modular structure expands the design space for decentralized applications beyond what is achievable through rigid, on-chain-only flows, enabling programmable, verifiable cross-chain systems with developer-defined workflows.

• TEE-backed execute ensures trusted fulfillment without needing a centralized relayer

• All state transitions can be audited post-factum with proofs

• Modular APIs enable dApps to integrate only the parts they need

Heima is built as a coordination protocol, not just a wrapper around user accounts or a relayer layer. Its design addresses limitations at the system architecture level:

Module	Responsibility	Verifiability
Heima Layer1	Omni account management, cross-chain coordination	Blockchain consensus, auditable state proofs
Omni Account	Identity, signature, multi-chain asset abstraction	TEE-backed, upgradable
Omni Executor	Intent validation and final execution	TEE + cryptographic proofs + filler bonds
Agent Hub	Intent routing, task delegation, agent marketplace	TEE attestation, slashable stake bonded

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Account Abstraction: Protocol-Level Extensibility using Omni-Accounts (EIP-7702-Compatible, EOA-Native)

Heima introduces omni-accounts, a low-level account abstraction built on EIP-7702 that:

• Preserves direct compatibility with EOAs, ensuring seamless fallback to existing dApps

• Avoids the gas inefficiency of EIP-4337 while enabling full customization of validation logic

• Supports both Web2 and Web3 authentication (passkeys, wallets, OAuth) through projected subaccounts

• Makes it trivial to delegate execution via deterministic Omni logic (projected keys, TEE-based validators)

💡 Developers can register validation modules, define hooks, or deploy permissioned sub-accounts with custom policies without sacrificing compatibility.

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Chain Abstraction: Intent-Centric Over Atomic Swaps for Decoupled Execution and Generalized Routing

At the heart of Heima is a TEE-backed Intent Filter Network that facilitates chain abstraction. It;

• Accepts intents: serialized, signed user instructions such as “swap token A for token B with slippage < 1% before time T”

• Computes optimal multi-chain execution paths based on on-chain state, mempool data, and omni liquidity

• Executes actions through the intent filter network with attestation and stake guarantees

Features:

• Decoupled execution: path resolution happens independently from the user's intent broadcast

• Asynchronous fulfillment: enables batching, delayed execution, partial fills, and fallback strategies

• Unified gas handling: pay in any token; execution fills gas requirements from liquidity pools

🛠 Developers can define arbitrary execution flows and plug in omni routing engines, oracles, or pricing models.

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Agent Hub: for Programmable Automation

Heima’s Agent Hub allows permissionless registration of automation agents that:

• Monitor event triggers (on-chain logs, omni APIs, price feeds)

• Respond to defined logic (arbitrage, auto-staking, rebalancing, etc.)

• Execute across chains via the intent filter network.

Agents are subject to:

• Staking requirements and slashable bonds for misbehavior

• TEE attestation to verify logic execution and determinism

• Composable intent scheduling (recurring jobs, conditional triggers, expiry, etc.)

🧠 Developers can deploy agents to automate DeFi strategies, execute conditional orders, or run verifiable omni computations without centralized bots.

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Heima abstracts the blockchain's complexity into developer-definable workflows that work across environments.

Benefits for developers:

• Write once, deploy anywhere: same logic across chains

• Unified UX for users, gasless, and secure

• Modular API surface: use accounts, intents, and agents independently

🔍 If you’re building for the next wave of decentralized coordination, Heima gives you the composability, security, and developer ergonomics that legacy abstractions lack.